Gas Control Valve Dongfeng Power Plant Unit 4 diversion ring defect treatment after nearly two years of operation, the the deflector ring body and weld are intact, briquetting no signif icant cavitation. This fully proves that the diversion of the ring approach and welding process is correct. Processing equipment defects only established on the basis of scientific analysis, take the right process and methods to achieve the design requirements of the performance indicators, and thus to ensure the safe and stable operation of the equipment.3 way air valve
Gas safety valve is a device for supporting new gas pipeline project. Used to cut, turned, adjusting the gas pipeline, with good control characteristics and closed sealing performance.
2012年12月27日星期四
Dongfeng Power Plant Unit 4 diversion ring defect treatment after nearly two years
Gas Control Valve Dongfeng Power Plant Unit 4 diversion ring defect treatment after nearly two years of operation, the the deflector ring body and weld are intact, briquetting no signif icant cavitation. This fully proves that the diversion of the ring approach and welding process is correct. Processing equipment defects only established on the basis of scientific analysis, take the right process and methods to achieve the design requirements of the performance indicators, and thus to ensure the safe and stable operation of the equipment.3 way air valve
2012年12月25日星期二
design ideas and experiment
precision flow control valve Based on usage analysis, the sealing between the ball and va lve seat, a seal between the metal and metal, the sphere and the valve seat material is usually carbon steel, stainless steel, Division stellite, etc., but this class of materials stopcock in prone: (1) ball and seat abrasion too fast or plastic deformation cause Mifengbuyan, liquid leak [1,3-5], â'µ ball and seat under high pressure due to adhesive wear and cold welding "effect caused" killed ", the valve can not open [2]. In accordance with the design requirements of the valve [6], the material of the sphere with the valve seat of the square bar stopcock must have a good corrosion resistance, wear resistance and a sufficient strength and toughness. In view of this, we believe that the ball and seat materials should have as high hardness and stiffness, strength and toughness with excellent corrosion resistance and meet at the same time. Accordingly, we believe that the TiC alloy material may be an ideal choice. Because, a main component of (Ti, W) C-Ni + Co + Cr TiC alloy having excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance, while having a much higher modulus of elasticity than steel and a higher chemical stability , can effectively prevent the adhesive wear and cold welding "effect, Ti element also has a self-lubricating effect, can reduce the surface friction coefficient, reducing the resistance of the plug valve in the closed and open process, convenient operation. hydraulic adapter fittings
The waveform processing circuit is shown
Bbq Gas Valves The waveform processing circuit is shown in Figure 6. Sensor output waveform shaping circuit transistor circuit reverse output, after the passing of Smectite special dual NAND gate again reverse output. In the P1 , P2 end of the output pulse square wave. reusable fitting
2012年12月20日星期四
Experimental methods and equipment
pneumatic accessory The experiment used a wall thickness of 1 mm, diameter of 20mm, 1Cr18Ni9Ti material for the stainless steel pipe, the cutting system shown i n Figure 1. Wherein workbench by the horizontal movement axis x-axis, y-axis and the rotation axis z-axis, when the cutting of the flow curve, by the completion of the translation of the x-axis and z-axis of rotation of the workpiece relative to the movement of the laser beam, in accordance with the requirements in the round pipe cutting the flow curve. Laboratory equipment using the JHM-1GY-500 multifunction laser processing machine, wavelength of 1.06Lm, pulse frequency 1 ~ 200Hz continuously adjustable pulse width of 0.1 ~ 20.0ms continuously adjustable pulse current of 100 ~ 450A laser maximum single-pulse output energy 90J, cutting the focusing lens focal length of 75mm, the focused spot diameter is 0.15mm. Oven Gas Valve
pneumatic accessory and equipment
pneumatic accessory The experiment used a wall thickness of 1 mm, diameter of 20mm, 1Cr18Ni9Ti material for the stainless steel pipe, the cutting system shown i n Figure 1. Wherein workbench by the horizontal movement axis x-axis, y-axis and the rotation axis z-axis, when the cutting of the flow curve, by the completion of the translation of the x-axis and z-axis of rotation of the workpiece relative to the movement of the laser beam, in accordance with the requirements in the round pipe cutting the flow curve. Laboratory equipment using the JHM-1GY-500 multifunction laser processing machine, wavelength of 1.06Lm, pulse frequency 1 ~ 200Hz continuously adjustable pulse width of 0.1 ~ 20.0ms continuously adjustable pulse current of 100 ~ 450A laser maximum single-pulse output energy 90J, cutting the focusing lens focal length of 75mm, the focused spot diameter is 0.15mm. Oven Gas Valve
Pressure boundaries calculated results and evaluation
stainless steel flange Valve pressure boundary analysis of objects, including the body, bonnet. The analysis and calculation of stress in accident conditions, then the checking and evaluation of the stress intensity. Body, bonnet as a pressure vessel body, is based on the stress distribution to determine the typical cross-section of the danger, according to the stress classification principle, the use of assessment of the ASME Code stress intensity. As for the bracket, stainless steel plastic material, in order to be conservative, the analysis of the third strength theory to be assessed.hydraulic testing machine
2012年12月5日星期三
the main atx power conversion circuit at the same power
atx power core circuitry
the main atx power conversion circuit at the same power, but also "excited" circuit of double-barreled half-bridge PWM (pulse width modulation) controller uses the same tl494 control chip, but canceled the mains switch. drive pin
Just plug in the power cord, due to the cancellation of the mains switch on conversion circuit there will be +300 v DC voltage, while the auxiliary power supply voltage to tl494 work, ready to turn on the power.
atx power supply is characterized by the dead drive control tl494 chip 4 feet, when the pin voltage is +5 v tl494 9,11 feet output pulse, the two switches are off, the power is in standby state, no voltage output. 0v 4 feet, tl494 there trigger pulse to switch the power supply into the normal working state. Send tl494, all the way to the output of the auxiliary power supply and other output by the divider circuit "+5 vsb" and "ps-on" signal voltage of +5 v. , "+5 Vsb" output connected to atx motherboard power monitoring components "asked" +5 vsb ", as its operating voltage, the output can provide operating current of 10ma. Connected to the output of the power monitoring components "and" ps-on "in the trigger button switch (non-locking switch) is not pressed, ps-on" +5 v, it is connected to the positive phase input voltage comparator u1 of u1 negative phase input voltage is about 4.5v, so the input of the volt age comparator u1 +5 v sent the tl494 of "death-drive control pin" atx power in the standby. When the press motherboard power monitoring trigger button switch (mounted on the main chassis panel) ps-on goes low, the output of the voltage comparator u1 0v make atx host power on. Press the trigger button switch on the front panel, so that "ps-on" again becomes +5 v, which turn off the power. Also available procedures to control the output of the power monitoring components, so "ps-on" becomes +5 v automatically turn off the power. Win9x platform, issue the shutdown command, the atx power is automatically shut down. power point free down load
The characteristics of this structure to work in parallel as follows
The characteristics of this structure to work in parallel as follows: power supply load sharing
1) Joint sampling commonly used at home and abroad, compared to the pulse width modulation DC / DC module load cross regulation performance has been greatly improved;
2) two sets of converters with the same circuit structure, the same components used to simplify the design, production and maintenance work.
As a result identical to the two circuits of the converter, the control circuit and the protection circuit, so the circuit selection is simple, control is simple, and low cost.
For low-voltage input, the secondary is less than 50W output power, choose single-ended flyback converter circuit has the following characteristics:
1) single FET and single output rectifier diode, eliminating the need for bulky output filter inductor;
2) only need to configure the a simple clamp network elements;
3) you can use two small MMP toroid transformer to meet the miniaturization requirements.
Control circuit design, including the choice of PWM co ntroller sync pulse generator design and isolated feedback circuit design.
Based on a simplified circuit to simplify the design of the guiding ideology, select the third generation BICMOS current-mode control chip. Because of the characteristics of this chip quiescent operating current is small, and state-of-the-art leading edge blanking, making the start-up circuit of the DC / DC converter is greatly simplified. As a result of the leading edge blanking technology so that the current signal sampling circuit also be simplified.
The sync pulse generator with a relatively high transmission of the self-excited oscillator, generate about 200kHz, rectangular pulses of 50% duty cycle. Synchronization of synchronization rectangular pulse respectively supplied to two groups of the current control type converter chip synchronous terminals, in order to achieve the PWM output pulse forefront. A lot of the rectangular pulse self-excited oscillator, this article will not go in to, should be noted that in the design of the circuit, the impedance matching is needed, you can achieve synchronization purpose of the frontier. ring shank nails
2012年12月1日星期六
the nitrided layer morphology significant difference
teflon hose nitrided layer morphology
Metallurgical microscope, GH4169 infiltration nitro gen layer with alloy nitride the steel 38CrMoAl the nitrided layer morphology significant difference, the boundary of the diffusion layer and the substrate found the GH4169 nitride with the furnace sample nitrided layer of detection: clear, did not find significant transition layer, and no white layer exists, gentle and 38CrMoAl nitrided layer and the substrate transition layer boundaries are not clear, and the existence of obvious white layer, as shown in Figure 1, is shown in Figure 2. Safety Gas Valve
showing the same impression on the significant differences between the two kinds of hardness prints morphology
threaded adaptors GH4169 nitrided layer another characteristic: in metallurgical microscope under on-site observation along the junction of permeability layer and the substrate of continuous white bright line rendering its morphological similarity in electric mirror scanning pictures nitrided layer and the substrate junction at presentation The white bright linear scanning electron microscope images shown in Figure 3. Further, by the metallographic hardness gradient test images can be observed to the the GH4169 carbonitriding layer and the substrate hardness gradient is very steep. 500 times magnification in Figure 4, the hardness of the imprint is located in both the junction appears large deformation, located on the substrate side imprint is too large, the hardness value of approximately 480HV0.01; located in the nitrided layer on the imprint is too small, the hardness value about 1000HV0.01. This shows that the junction is no more obvious transition layer, showing the same impression on the significant differences between the two kinds of hardness prints morphology. Gas valve suppli er
2012年11月15日星期四
The purchase of an analysis of the machine
free power point down load Failure Analysis: this machine just installed oper ating system can not be caused by software failure, to exclude software failure, the notes or re-install the operating system, the problem still. Taking into account the CMOS settings will result in a crash situation, restore the CMOS the initial settings so, open the case to remove the other cards to minimize boot, replacing the memory, check the CPU malfunction persists, the internal power supply plug voltage measured with a multimeter, because This machine is powered plug the ATX power supply to the motherboard can not unplug the measurement, it is not measured. The purchase of an analysis of the machine has more than two years and the internal configuration of the board more power in the long-term high-load is the failure of the power supply section. power load calculator
Power failure phenomenon of simple introduction
free power point down load Failure Analysis: this machine just installed oper ating system can not be caused by software failure, to exclude software failure, the notes or re-install the operating system, the problem still. Taking into account the CMOS settings will result in a crash situation, restore the CMOS the initial settings so, open the case to remove the other cards to minimize boot, replacing the memory, check the CPU malfunction persists, the internal power supply plug voltage measured with a multimeter, because This machine is powered plug the ATX power supply to the motherboard can not unplug the measurement, it is not measured. The purchase of an analysis of the machine has more than two years and the internal configuration of the board more power in the long-term high-load is the failure of the power supply section. power load calculator
Purchase analysis machine
free power point down load Failure Analysis: this machine just installed oper ating system can not be caused by software failure, to exclude software failure, the notes or re-install the operating system, the problem still. Taking into account the CMOS settings will result in a crash situation, restore the CMOS the initial settings so, open the case to remove the other cards to minimize boot, replacing the memory, check the CPU malfunction persists, the internal power supply plug voltage measured with a multimeter, because This machine is powered plug the ATX power supply to the motherboard can not unplug the measurement, it is not measured. The purchase of an analysis of the machine has more than two years and the internal configuration of the board more power in the long-term high-load is the failure of the power supply section. power load calculator
the power supply output current exceeds the rated power supply should limit its output current or close its output
drop-in anchor When the power supply output current exceeds the rated power supply should limit its output current or close its output, to avoid the load current is too large while the damage. Again if the damage to the power supply is the internal parts and cause higher than normal large the load current when the power supply should be shut down or limit its output, in order to avoid damage or danger. overcurrent protection test is to verify if any of these conditions occurs, the power supply can correctly reaction.power load unbalance
the AC side voltage
drop-in anchors As a result of the controlled rectifier, the AC side voltage and current, the rectifier load power factor changes. When the control angle α is large, low power fa ctor, required by the system to provide a large amount of reactive power, must be carried out in situ of compensation, in order to avoid that the bulk transfer of reactive power in the distribution lines. Also the rectifier load access to the AC current non-sine wave, which contains a large number of harmonics, these harmonics cause additional heat, vibration, noise, and interference in the power system equipment can also cause damage to the capacitor, should seek to be suppressed. DC side harmonic interference with communication lines should be added to the the rectifier number of phases or the installation of the DC filter to prevent it. The thyristor switching time of a few microseconds following this wave radio frequency band (0.6 ~ 1.6MHz) interference suppression measures should be taken to.power load unbalance
2012年11月8日星期四
the microprocessor in the UPS
intelligent: the microprocessor in the UPS, the past only in the large and medium-sized UPS on, but in recent years has gradually to the development of small, micro UP S, its belt power supply load test
The result is the development of intelligent UPS, including the control, detection and communication.drop in anchors
Loss of signal protection is the control signal is lost due to the failure of the lines
Loss of signal protection is the control signal is lost due to the failure of the lines and other electric actuator control valves open and close to set protection value, common protection value is fully open,hand lever valve fully closed and remain in place three conditions. Gas Water Heater Valve
2012年9月15日星期六
Self-tapping screws Introduction
Self-tapping screws, English, called Self-tapping Screw is self-tapping drilled in the pre-drilled holes in the metal or non-metallic materials with the female thread of a threaded fastener. With a high-tension, one-piece, unilater al combination of characteristics. Its own molding or attack its mating threads, in combination with high locking capabilities and handling. Small shaped screws on its size, thread type, head type drilling tapping performance engineering uses almost limitless. constant power loadsTapping nail materials can be divided into two kinds of carbon steel and stainless steel, carbon steel material is usually dominated by 1022 carbon steel. Usually used in windows and doors, iron. Its head is at one end made to increase the bearing surface formed by the shape of the part. hydraulic hose assembliesThread forming and thread cutting tapping screw (self-tapping screw) in terms of flat countersunk, oval countersunk (Oval Countersunk), pan head (Pan ), hexagonal and hexagonal wire head (Hex and Hex washer Head) is the most important five head type accounted for al most 90 percent of all self-tapping screws, self-tapping screws (self-tapping screw) should consider this.conduit saddle Another five kinds of other types of flat-topped concave bearing surface (Flat Undercut), flat-topped whole edge (Flat Trim), the oblate concave bearing surface (Oval Undercut) oblate entire edge (Oval Trim) and cylinder head (Gang hills Fillister ) is a relatively minor head type, while Hong top countersunk thread rolling into self-tapping screws (self-tapping screw) the first type of choice on the same,hydraulic fitting use the main consideration mushroom head (Truss) Round (Round) and 100 degrees flat top countersink the new design does not take cover its function can be replaced by other head type, disk head can be replaced by a mushroom head and round head, 82 degree flat countersunk flat-topped replace the 100-degree flat, flat dome, pan head hex head hex washer head five.
2012年9月1日星期六
The success of the unit grid
Control system power target value is set to the rated power of 25, the target value, and given the value of the corresponding power valve opening degree.
When the average main stea m pressure is small, the power of the initial value is less than 5, the valve opening is small, there is conducive to the resumption of the main steam pressure to ensure the unit s capacity. When the level
Main steam pressure is too large, the power of the initial value is greater than 5, the valve opening is conducive to reducing the main steam pressure, give full play to the generating capacity of the unit.
The valve turbine inlet steam volume adjustment, the system is accomplished by adjusting the valve. In order to solve the contradiction of the rapidity and economy of, Average
The unit will be required at the start, and the speed and liters of load process, throttle adjustment, when the liter load stable, throttle adjustment into nozzle adjustment
, The throttle adjustment and nozzle adjustment the unperturbed conversion.
These are the valve management, it is a manifestation of the computer control advantages. Each regulating pneumatic accessory must be individually positioned in accordance with the instruction of the software cam
Each valve must therefore be equipped with a separate power amplifier - electro-hydraulic converter - the oil motive servo system. Valve management system as shown below. The output of the multiplier
Y = (K1X1 t1) (K2X2 t2) cis valve K1 = -1, K2 = 1, t1 = 1 t2 = 0Y = (-X1) X2 single china solenoid valve K1 = 1, K2 = 0, t1 = 1,
t2 = 0Y = X1X2 above formulas, X1F (X) in sequence valve, the flow rate and the valve opening degree of each valve function f (x) single valve mode, valves
Flow syntax door opening function is generated by a dedicated logic circuit, X2 refers to the PI output.
The process of switching from a single valve to sequence valve, in essence, is the coefficient of X1 from 0 to 1 conversion process. The coefficient X1 and time relationship as shown.
Slope divider logic circuits by X1 decision: 02/120. Logic circuit cycle 02s, 12s, coefficient becomes 09,2 min
Becomes 0. If you want to extend the switching time, the switching process is more stable, and can modify the denominator is 180, the conversion time is extended to 3min.
When no grid or tripping the single valve control, low load, generally as a single valve control. Assuming that the PI output is the degree of opening of 30, the single valve
To sequence valve transformation: t = 0 sequence valve Y = 0 single valve Y = 30 for each valve opening degree is equal to the value of the single valve module the GV1 to GV4, implementing agencies in accordance with the single valve flow
And the degree of opening of the relationship f (x) to be turned.
Roll shape and unique line the smooth pump leak problem dissect and solve
Found at the scene of the spill point in both sides of the pressure pump hinge base and the junction of the threaded sleeve, hinged seat and at the connection of the threaded sleeve, as well as plug and threaded sleeve junction
, Then observe the pressure gauge, oil pressure is normal. The O-ring seal is damaged, combination washer disassemble pressure oil pump and put new seals
, The beginning of oil spills, running about 15 minutes, the original spill point and oil spills, and so repeatedly china solenoid valve ; What is more, a user-site pressure oil pump
The pump body turned out to be near the hinge base fracture.
Through observation, research, discussion, and found that the long spring hinge base, so that when the hole drain plug screwed into place, the spring is compressed over
Deformation, the gap between the turns is too small, the preload is too large, so that the check pneumatic accessory (ball) the opening pressure is too large, the opening is too small, the steel ball and
Ball between Block crevice flow - press ure characteristics of the steel ball in front of a great pressure, the pressure led to the O-ring and combination washer
Destruction of oil spills. Local stress concentration in the pump body, causing serious consequences of the pump body fracture; gauge shows a gap after
The surface pressure, which shows the value of the pressure value is reduced due to the slits role reason no problem, and therefore single point of view from the pressure gauge.
Repair measures the hole drain plug screw up, remove the spring and truncated appropriate length (approximately truncated half) and replace it with a new O-ring
And combination washer broken pump body also needs to be replaced, and then reassembled attention to cleaning these parts, assembly, The system is to prevent pollution. This
Kind of repair, no oil leakage, the system is operating normally.
Effect, according to the observation of the scene, before restor ation daily about oil spills 0.5kg, roller press extrusion barrel roller bearing grease value (about
180kg) of about 10,000 yuan, oil spills loss of about 830 yuan a month; repair oil spills, no longer significant economic benefits.
More importantly, since the pump is a metering pump system to bearings for the grease, oil spills amounted to less than the original design requirements, ie
The sufficiently lubricated bearings can not get to the long run, will reduce bearing life, increase the cost of operation and maintenance; bearing lubrication in good condition after the repair
, To ensure normal use of the bearing, extending the bearing life.
Pumping cited slit permeable the rescue
Open shallow groove buried the grouting construction methods 2.1 construction of the main process of the construction of the main process.
The gouges buried seal groove cleaning and pressure water chemical grout sealing construction process. 2 construction method (1) gouges. According to the crack distribution situation
Conditions, take along cracks toward artificial gouges, the groove depth 3cm, 35cm wide and the length of the gouges cracks on both sides each extend 20cm principle.
(2) borehole and the sealing groove. Cracks gouges rinse, buried along the groove a small hose, and quick-drying cement and sealing material pneumatic accessory
Slot plugging, plugging slowly small hose out, in order to form a grout channel china solenoid valve . The bottom of each slot reserved grouting mouth as grouting hole
The upper every 4050cm reserve grouting mouth as an exhaust hole (plasma) and grouting hole, For longer cracks segmented gouges and buried.
(3) cleaning with pressurized water. When the quick -drying cement and sealing material reaches a certain intensity, the grouting hole cleaning with pressurized water, its purpose is checking
The cracks throughout circumstances, test whether the quality of the sealing meet grouting requirements, master of grout cracks and grouting pressure water pressure control
In 0.050.2MPa appropriate.
(4) plugged. Grouting 2 hours to remove the grout mouth resection grouting pipe above the concrete surface, surface-modified epoxy cement sand
Pulp wipe Resurfacers process.
Piezoelectric stack pump subtle migrate expanding structure experiments explore
Triangle amplification principle of the amplification mechanism of the flexible hinge when in the horizontal direction to form an x ??displacement, the amplification principle of the vertical triangle is formed
A y displacement, corres ponding to the different angles have different y / x value. The set magnification A, we obtain: A = y / x shows that, when in the horizontal direction x displacement
When there is a small increment, and therefore can be obtained: x = LCOS-LCOS () y = LSIN ()-LSIN can be obtained by the formula: A = y / x = tan (COS-1) sin china solenoid valve
(1-cos) tansin very small due to the amount of displacement of the piezoelectric stack just ten microns, incremental, and therefore the equivalent infinitesimal principle,
Available the: A1tan know triangle zoom magnification with the lever mechanism is independent of the length, only with the size of the relevant. Therefore, in the design triangle
Shaped amplification mechanism, should be made as small as possible pneumatic accessory .
Arc flexible hinge des ign, the amplification mechanism using a 45-gauge steel, WEDM processed in order to analyze this
Species amplification mechanism performance, displacement, stress and natural frequency analysis using finite element analysis software this amplification mechanism. Analysis result table
That the design of the flexible hinge displacement amplification mechanism magnification of 6 times the natural frequency of about 1.7kHz.
Amplification mechanism of amplification mechanism of static and dynamic characteristics
Japan TOKIN Company AE0505D16, piezoelectric stack as the driving element, the material of the flexible hinge 45 steel Dimensions 25.6mm22mm,
= 3, t = 4mm. Drive and amplification mechanism connection using a combination of the preload an d adhesive. Amplification mechanism in the trial design size
When considering the piezoelectric stack amplification mechanism to maintain a certain amount of interference pneumatic accessory , and then by gluing, to avoid the the screw pretension way the insufficient.
Due to the displacement of the output are able to meet the demand of the piezoelectric pump is designed for the amplification mechanism key [5]. Therefore, the amplification mechanism displacement output characteristics
The nature of the test as the main content of this test. Entire test is completed, the system precision measurement system software prepared by the self to achieve a multi-point china solenoid valve
Multiple cycles to measure, to ensure the accuracy of the measurement. Measured at U = 100V, the corresponding maximum output displacement amplification mechanism D = 57M, and the piezoelectric stack
Heap U = 100V, the corresponding output D = 11m, so the actual measured displacement magnification of about 5 times, while the results of the finite element analysis of up to 6 times, and said
Ming finite element analysis results close to the actual situation.
Very good linear amplification mechanism
From Ad and Bd of the comparison shows that the amplification mechanism is very good, and the linear elastic hysteresis is very small. 4294A impedance analyzer
Amplification mechanism impedance analysis, the analysis of the results as s hown. A point for the minimum value of the impedance, the phase displacement amplification mechanism output characteristic discharge
Peak angle of the impedance characteristics of the large institutions, point A is the resonance frequency, b point compared to the anti-resonant frequency, indicating that at this frequency, the amplification mechanism
In the resonant state, the first-order natural frequency of about 1.49kHz. As a reference, the actual measurement, the resonant frequency of the amplification mechanism,
The amplification mechanism rigidly fixed to one end of the other end for displacement of the output terminal, the input sine wave voltage signal of different frequency, amplitude, and a forward bias of 50V (
The drive voltage is always positive) by laser Doppler vibrometer output of dynamic displacement measurement, measured in different frequency output china solenoid valve
Displacement amplification mechanism amplitude-frequency characteristic curve as shown pneumatic accessory .
The amplification mechanism of amplitude and frequency characteristics seen in 1.5kHz at amplitude maximum frequency corresponding to the resonant frequency. It can be seen real
The measured resonance point impedance analysis results are very close to the modal analysis of micro-displacement amplification mechanism, calculated the natural frequency of 1.7kHz
Higher than the actual measurement of the resonant frequency, the main reason is in finite element analysis does not take into account the quality of the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric stack.
Plasma arc surfacing is used to manufacture the valve sealing surface
Has achieved good results. The key parts of the sealing surface of pneumatic accessory products, its high quality requirements, not only requires high hardness and anti-abrasion performance
, And does not allow any macroscopic defects, such as pores, cracks. The surfacing layer pores are the most common, but also the most difficult problem in the production. Gas
Hole reasons: oil, rust and other impurities in the surface of the workpiece; parent material weldability is poor; transfer arc current is too large, a large number of matrix mixed with solder layer;
Protect the poor or argon depletion resulting in high purity; powder humidity and impurities; powder particles the hollow lead to the gas can not escape in a timely manner (this
Welding, you can hear the crisp sound of explosions); powder containing low melting point impurities in high temperature gasification; parent material containing impurities; parent material
Chemical treatment. According to the live production experience, the plasma arc surfacing layer pores exclude a few remarks.
(1) the workpiece surface should be clean, oil, rust, etc. are not permitted. Decompose at high temperatures because of oil pollution, harmful gases, rust-shaped
The harmful oxides, surfacing layer formation of pores china solenoid valve .
(2) surfacing powder to be dried, since the wet powder containing moisture. Surfacing process, the powder is melted, while the moisture generated by the decomposition of
Gas, wherein a part of discharged while another portion is brought into the molten bath to form pores. Therefore, spray powder must go through about 200 â bake
Baked, the baking time is generally not less than 2 hours. Timely use baking powder, such as placing a long time, you should re-baking.
(3) strict control of plasma arc leak surfacing guns.
The surfacing guns leakage
Even an insignificant leakage also clearly blowholes. Practice, start using a new surfacing gun, sealed, no leakage
Surfacing parts pass rate of over 98%. Gun after use for some time, since the life of the sealing member is low. Began to leak, stomatal gradually out
Currently. With the use of time, more and more serious leakage, the the surfacing layer pass rate drastically reduced. Accordingly, in the welding parameters and the other welding
Conditions remain unchanged, with the use of time, the stomatal more and more, you should consider surfacing gun leakage problem. On
Stomatal described three cases, showed a circular shape, and is not a regular distribution.
(4) powder quality must be guaranteed. The powder mass is one of the causes of blowholes. Powder quality is bad, impure powder, which mixed
Harmful impurities or hollow the silt too much.
The melting point of these harmful impurities are not identical, it is easily mixed with the molten pool, is enclosed within the solder layer surfacing when to produce a different size and shape of the gas
Holes. Stomata often after tu rning process can be found. Easily absorbing harmful gases and impurities within the hollow powder. Therefore, the powder mass
The amount must request, to make it conform to quality standards.
(5) Select the welding parameters of the joints. The lap joints of the weld porosity, which is the most common phenomenon. This problem is also a plasma arc heap
Welding widespread problem. Joints exist stomata is related to many factors, especially the current decay, if not properly controlled, can easily produced in the joints
Angry hole. The decaying current powder feed rate does not match, the part cornstarch (unmelted powder) into the molten bath. The same time, but also because in the lap
When some exhaust impurities introduced such as the surfacing welding characteristics, combined with the pneumatic accessory welded actual production, plasma welding work < br />
The arts are discussed. Appears in plasma surfacing welding defects were studied mainly on the porosity defects processing are described china solenoid valve .
(6) should be appropriate surfacing current. Surfacing addition the current attenuation prone to porosity, in the surfacing process, since the current is selected to be
Unreasonable also blowholes. If the current is too small, so that the part of the powder is not melted into the weld layers, easy formation of pores. This stomata in turning
After processing, can clearly see the hole residual powder. But the current can not be selected too large, because an excessively large current will puddle agitation too
Severe, resulting in some floating impurities into the solder layer, the same formation of pores. So surfacing current should be a reasonable choice.
The technical characteristics of liquid pumps liquid chlorine filling applications
The the 1.1 liquid chlorine solution works pump liquid pump explosion-proof motor to drive the spindle through the serpentine spring coupling, spindle driven impeller rotating impeller stage
The number of output pressure, gener ally 3 or 4 can meet the needs of liquid chlorine conveying and filling .
1.2 liquid pump liquid filling process of liquid chlorine pump filling process.
Shows that of liquid chlorine from chlorine liquefier by pipeline since the inflow of liquid chlorine storage tanks need filling liquid chlorine, simply open the liquid chlorine storage
Liquid chlorine in the tank below and an intermediate tank connected between the pipe cut-off pneumatic accessory (CHLOROFORM intermediate tank for a volume of 6m3 of the vertical tank, when installed so that the intermediate tank
In the same horizontal plane as the upper plane and liquid chlorine tank upper plane), so that liquid chlorine into the intermediate tank, and by controlling the liquid level within the large storage tank of the liquid chlorine
Height, rather than the intermediate tank of liquid chlorine for f illing.
Can open the pump when the middle of the tank liquid level reaches the minimum level (600mm), liquid chlorine through the muffler (pressure balance) and the limiting input
Out, the pressure in the 1.01.5MPa, then outside the output pipe, shutoff valve and non-return china solenoid valve to the filling positions of liquid chlorine cylinders packaging or liquid chlorine tank car
Canned.
Liquid chlorine liquid pump filling process advantages and disadvantages
When using the pump filling liquid chlorine liquid chlorine solution, you do not need a large tank pressurization of the liquid chlorine can filling, filling 1t liquid chlorine for about 30 min, greatly improve work efficiency
Ra te, simplifies the filling procedures. The time of filling of liquid chlorine flexibility, reduce the labor intensity of the operator. Through the use of the frequency converter
Stable liquid chlorine liquid pump output pressure, when the pipeline leaks and other abnormal situation occurs, due to a rapid increase in traffic when the current limiter for
Cut the output of liquid chlorine, to ensure the safety and environmental requirements of the liquid chlorine output, each filling 1t liquid chlorine energy savings than part liquid chlorine vaporization pressure method 40MJ
, Saving the cost of 10 yuan, the same time, a fundamental solution to the continuous liquid chlorine vaporized due to the carburetor and result in residual liquid chlorine, nitrogen trichloride containing
The amount of concentration, enrichment rather excessive, to avoid the hidden dangers of explosive decomposition of nitrogen trichloride china solenoid valve .
The device without filtration of liquid chlorine, liquid chlorine tank also do not have to withstand the pressure of vaporization filling pressure filling finished, do not need to emissions vaporization system
When the residual pressure, to achieve a continuous and stable operation of the production of liquid chlorine pneumatic accessory .
Pump seal packing seal and certain activities clearance, to ensure that the liquid pump seal does not leak out chlorine, fully dry place
Reasonable compressed air pressure to the upper sealed box seals, seal gas pressure than the high pressure of the middle of the tank chlorine 0.010.03MPa escaping small portion of the chlorine
Gas and dry seal air sent through the recovery pipe with lye absorption cell absorption process to achieve a liquid pump shaft seal operation of the double-sealed machine
Management. The need to shut down, liquid pumps nitrogen emergency sealing air bag device, high the emergency air sealing pressure than the middle of the pitchers chlorine pressure
0.5MPa, the pressure is too low seal failure, the pressure is too high, as a matter of urgency, sealed balloon burst, so to ensure a stable pressure. Especially emergency sealing
Non-rotation of the rotor, or the seal will immediately damage and failure during use.
2012年8月10日星期五
Large chemical complete sets of equipment with the valvs
The large chemical complete sets of equipment, mainly ethylene, ammonia, air classification device
The â'´ ethylene unit with valve
Ethylene production commonly used raw materials , atmospheric light diesel oil and vacuum heavy diesel oil, and ethylene plant s working conditions are extremely harsh, high temperature (900 ° C), high pressure (10.0 MPa), ultra-low temperature (-196 â), high flow, working conditions are embodied in the ethylene. Ethylene plant with cryogenic valves
The structure of the valve gate valve, cut-off valve structure can also be a check solenoid control valve structure. Nominal diameter: DN50 ~~ 700 mm; Nominal pressure: 1.6 ~ 6.4MPa; the minimum allowable temperature: -196 â.
(2) ammonia plant flow control valves
The medium of the ammonia plant into three categories, namely, the synthesis gas - containing H2, N2, CO, CO2, NH3 synthesis composition is similar to artificial gas (H2 are extremely dangerous gas explosion limit is very low, CO toxic); urea - - Contains of N H3, of CO2, amino ammonium formate, etc.; liquid ammonia vapor ammonia. Ammonia plant valve maximum operating temperature is 500 â, the lowest temperature liquid ammonia medium at -196 â, the maximum working pressure of 32.0MPa.
Valve application prospects
China s water diversion and other key purchases of the project is not only huge but also very focused. Water diversion project, for example, only the outskirts of Beijing to t he urban area 70 kilometers in length, the amount of purchases for the valve up to tens of millions of dollars, the entire water diversion project on the demand valve can be imagined. Secondly, the scale hydropower projects launched to solve the problem of power shortage, not only is the top priority of the Chinese government, will also be a long-term task, not to mention there are natural gas, the old industrial base, distribution network construction, many residential projects, sewage treatment, irrigation and water conservancy projects. According to a well-known suppliers in the industry estimate that the total annual demand of China s valve market no less than 10 billion yuan this huge market for an internationally renowned valve manufacturer, huge business opportunities. To ensure the coordination of future economic development and improving people s lives need the same time, China is bound to the construction of infrastructure such as water, electricity, gas, heat and other top priority, this is precisely the solenoid control valve useless. Therefore, as a kind of new type rather than replace the flow control valves market, their needs, potential and explosive striking.
Disorderly competition brewing integration
At the same time, sole proprietorship, joint venture and continue to erode the market share of imported products by using the way of improved quality, lower cost.
In the past two years, China valve world famous soft spot for even more foreign brands a little more investment impulse. According to the solenoid control valve magazine flow control valves market survey: Fisher (Emerson), by Keystone (Tyco), of Neles (of Metso), Samson, Masoneilan (Dresser), and other foreign brand quality and technical innovation are more Chinese domestic users high evaluation of the user under investigation, said: chose the final factor of the imported products is quality, quality is the key brand decisions, as long as the price in the bear range would prefer more expensive one o clock, but the quality assurance of products. Because users generally will take into account not only can save maintenance costs, and can also reduce unnecessary trouble and waste of time.
Oil and gas wellhead valves
Oil, natural gas wellhead valves used mainly to comply with the U.S. API 6A standard single gate or double plate, diversion hole or without diversion hole of Forged parallel gate valve, mud valve, angle of throttle, oil parallel valve, oilfield special straight-through check valve, water \ polymer parallel to the gate solenoid control valve , clamp parallel to the valve, pilot safety valve and check flow control valves .
Oil, natural gas wellhead valve of the nominal level API 2000psi, 3000psi, 5000psi, 10000psi, 15000psi, 20000psi; public nominal diameter DN46 ~ 228mm (113/16in ~ 9in); temperature grades K (-60 ~ 182 â ), L (-42 to 182 â), P (-29 to 182 â), R (room temperature), S (-18 to 166 ° C), T (-18 to 182 ° C), U (-18 to 121 ° C ), V (2 to 121 ° C); material requirements for the AA, BB, the CC, and DD, EE, FF, HH; material performance requirements according to 36K, 45K, 60K, 75K; product technical requirements according to PSL1 (product specification Level 1) , PSL2 (product hierarchy of norms), PSL3 (product h ierarchy of norms), PSL4 (product specification Level 4).
China Construction Machinery Industry
From the beginning of the reform and opening up the joint venture, technical introduction, to initially have a number of its leading enterprises and famous brands, the path taken by the Chinese construction machinery enterprises can be described as a step by step hard and challenging, motivated and d ifficult heavy. After the first few years, rapid development since last year, the global economic stagnation, leading to shrinking domestic market, the state has increased the intensity of macroeconomic regulation and control, accounting for more than 40 percent of the construction machinery manufacturing costs of parts prices, raw material price inflation, while The foreign corporate predators "who have been eyeing the Chinese market. Innovation is the only way to face a severe test and challenges. In recent years, the Chinese construction machinery market along with China s rapid economic development has been the continued growth of the good momentum of development, especially the rise of a large number of domestic enterprises, to accelerate the pace of innovation of construction machinery and parts during With the power of foreign capital flow control valves , but the capability of independent innovation o f China s construction machinery industry can not be ignored solenoid control valve .
"Eleventh Five-Year" period, the government clearly an important goal of social and economic development, to form a group of independent intellectual property rights and famous brands with strong competitive advantages of enterprises, the construction machinery industry as an important part of the national equipment manufacturing industry and responsibilities of self-evident. However, we should see the development of construction machinery is a long, arduous process. Chinese enterprises in the competition had been initially have a certain amount of R & D capabilities and manufacturing capacity, but to really leaps and bounds, it is necessary to be based on improving the capability of independent innovation, and strive to build its own brand of ethnic group with independent intellectual property rights, foster a number of competitive enterprises with strong international competitiveness, and become a weapon to compete with multinational brands, is the only way to revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry in China, industry colleagues and the historical mission of the bounden.
Innovation in progress
In front of the enormous pressure on the domestic construction machinery enterprises still adhere to independent research of their own products, to establish their own brands, absorb the advanced experience of foreign products and technologies based on imitation, learning and innovation, and cultivate a la rge number of skills various types of design talents of skilled and skilled workers, creating both a considerable level of technology at the same time and low prices, and more suitable for China construction machinery products. Meanwhile solenoid control valve , the brutal competition in the market that gives the state-owned enterprises of a number of Tarawa Xugong, Liugong, Zoomlion, Sany, Sunward, building workers, led by industry outstanding enterprises, not only in the domestic achieved great success in the market, which takes the target on the future innovation through their own efforts to enter the international market with their own brands, get a good reputation, and has already begun to occupy a certain market share flow control valves .
Disorderly competition in the valve market
Valve market "after the chaos, there must be peace and order in the disorderly competition brewing industry consolidation
The small farmers of the valve business is "small door" and valve products in China, "cohabitation," created golden opportunities to integrate inroads into t he Chinese market to foreign brands. Because the threshold is too low to enter the valve industry, the access mechanism is not perfect, ten years, in the springing up on the land of China derived from more than 3,000 valve manufacturing companies. Throughout the more than 3,000 valve manufacturing companies, the annual sales income of 500 million, less than 500, the annual sales income of over billion company with only a dozen. In accordance with international market standards, a standardized, mature market, 20 percent of enterprises in the industry should have 80% market share, its first three must have more strength to control the market share of 50%, while the top 10 of the valve industry in China The company s market share only account for 8% -9% of the domestic market. In other words, such a large Chinese solenoid control valve market not yet a true sense of the brand name. World-class brands, no h eavyweights China valve market, inevitably lead to the regional segmentation of Chinese valve market and disorderly competition. Foreign brand products in the market, "spire" is beginning to receive the preferences of domestic users
Refinement of the Chinese market demand for valves, like a pyramid structure. Spire for all imported products, fine quality, high prices, a small amount of a monopoly on high-end users. The central tower is the site of the wholly foreign-owned, joint ventures, and the corresponding requirements off low control valves quality, affordable high-end users. As for domestic enterprises basically hovering in the bottom to fight the number of ways to fight price competition for low-end users. With the increasing rationalization of the user purchasing behavior, brand and quality is more and more attention, sole proprietorship, joint venture products more and mo re favored.
China Machinery Industry
In a recent interview, Vice President Cai Ci of China Machinery Industry Federation, briefed reporters on the key components and materials of the kinds of other major technologies and equipment areas.
"Our power generati on equipment, the annual output has exceeded 100 million kilowatts, but in fact the inside of the power generation equipment used in high temperature, high pressure pipe, import volume is still quite large. Our power generation equipment production each year more than 10 million kilowatts in the past risen to more than 100 million kilowatts in the present, but a closer look at supercritical and ultra-supercritical units, high temperature, high-pressure high-quality tubes, plates, must be imported. "
Mill is now the country has to do it. Domestic assembly inside a lot of electrical components, control system, but it is imported. "Most of the key parts and components controlled by others
Nuclear power generating units, pumps, flow control valves products are key components, accounting for nearly a quarter of the investment in equipment. The country is not completely independent manufacture, so foreign companies to obtain a large number of monopoly profits. Reporters learned that the Ling Ao Phase II nuclear power plant for the purchase of the inlet valve of $ 70 million, less than 4% of domestic purchases.
Import large quantities of foreign key components of the construction of nuclear power is far more than solenoid control valve products. According to the National Development and Reform Commission Vice Chairman of the recently revealed that he had visited the domestic nuclear power companies, it is recommended that domestic control system, but all comes down to "who did not dare to use domestic."
High-voltage transformer inside the casing
"EHV and UHV transmission and transformation equipment, domestic enterprises also have results, but inside the operating mechanism, the user of domestic products is not particularly be assured, so they requested that the operating mechanism of production and abroad, or simply use abroad flow control valves . "
Transformers do it, but like the UHV transformer inside the casing, the user is not assured, although some equipment manufacturing enterprises claimed that they can do, but you can not cast the vote of confidence. "
Features and CNC system development of the machine tool industry lags behind, has already become the bottleneck of the development of CNC machine tool industry, especially restricting the high-end CNC machine tools the level of supporting key functional components and CNC system development is more is slow. "Cai Wei-Tze continuous to reporters cited the five the status of the area.
Guobao then confirms Cai Wei-Tze, saying: "Some of the products, although the realization of the domestic manufacturing, but the lack of independent design and manufacturing capabilities, has not grasped the core technology for most equipment products, although the country has the basic realization of autonomy, but reliable energy consumption indicators compared with foreign advanced level, there are still gaps. "
In fact, the reporter has learned, such as large-scale pumped storage units, heavy duty gas turbine, domestic enterprises do not grasp the core technology. Another part of the product development is still blank, such as deep-water offshore oil engineering equipment, large civil aircraft. The confidence of the people in the industry solenoid control valve
To solve the problems of major equipment and key components, and by no means a short span of time. Cai Wei-Tze, the revitalization is a gradual process, rather than mutations.
Ultra-supercritical units
Like supercritical units and ultra-supercritical units, the original machine can not do, to be imported. Machine imports into only imported part of things, including raw materials and component parts. F or example, pipe, plate, forgings, imported, but this is better than the original machine imports a big step forward solenoid control valve . "
Like a transformer, we can not do the 500,000-volt transformer, can do now, although the proportion of domestic products is still very young, but we can do, after all, market share, there will be a process of gradually increasing. transformer inside the casing, but also imports, but gotta break this situation years, this is a gradual process. "
Cai Wei-Tze, key parts of the problem is that a variety of major equipment, common problems, but in different areas, different equipment, showing varying degrees. Relatively speaking, a little better power generation equipment, transmission and distribution equipment should be almost large-scale ethylene plant and nuclear power equipment, the difference is even more a little more flow control valves . "
Although made major technical equipment card in the key parts and components, but Cai Ci revitalization of the Chinese equipment industry is still optimistic about. "Our goal is that in normal circumstances, the global matching, if there is trouble, not have been stuck."
2012年8月5日星期日
Three-ball valve opening process and closing process
It works as follows:
First, open process
[Wiki] mechanical [/ wiki] put pressure on the role of 1 in the closed position, the sphere of the flange solenoid valve stem, pressed on the seat.
Turn handwheel, the valve stem is the reverse movement, the bottom of the angular plane so that the sphere to disengage the valve seat.
3 stem continue to enhance the interaction and stem the spiral groove of the guide pin, the sphere began to friction-free to rotate.
4 up to the fully open position, the stem raised to the limit position, the sphere rotated to the fully open position.
Second, the shutdown process
A closed, clockwise rotation of the handwheel, stem began to decline and make a sphere out of the seat begins to rotate.
2 Continue turning the handwheel, the single coil solenoid valve stem by the spiral groove embedded in its role of guide pins, so that the stem and the sphere at the same time rotated 90 °.
3 near the closed sphere in the case of contact with the seat rotated 90 ° .
4 handwheel is turned the final laps, the stem at the bottom of the angular plane mechanical wedge to the oppression of the sphere, so that it closely pressed on the seat, to achieve complete seal.
2012年8月4日星期六
Solenoid valve is installed correctly and use
Solenoid valve installed prior to installation should refer to the product manual, whether it meets your requirements. The pipeline should be rinsed before use, media, dirty filters should be installed to prevent impurities impede the normal work of the solenoid valve. Generally is a one-way single coil solenoid valve work, can not be reverse mounted valve on the arrow is the direction of movement of the pipeline fluid to be consistent. Solenoid valve installed level of the general body, coil vertically upward, some products can be installed, but when conditions permit, the best vertical to an increase of service life. Solenoid valve in the ice place to work again when the heat treatment, or set the insulation measures. The electromagnetic coil lead wire (connector) connected, should confirm whether the firm connection of electrical components contact should not jitter, loose will cause the solenoid valve does not work. Continuous production work flange solenoid valve , it is best to use the bypass, easy maintenance, without affecting production. Long after the solenoid valve is disabled, should be cleared after the condensation easy to use; washable parts according to the order put away when restitution is installed.
Production of solenoid valve
We used in the production of solenoid valves in two of three links, two four-way, two of five such. First talk about the two meanings: for the solenoid valve is charged and the loss of electricity, for the control valve is on and off. Oxygen plant instru mentation and control system, two way single coil solenoid valve with the largest in production can be used to connect or disconnect the gas source, in order to switch the gas pneumatic control film head. With the spring pressure by the valve body, flange solenoid valve cover, electromagnetic components, spring, and seal the structure components, moving core at the bottom of the seal block the body inlet closed. Energized, solenoid pull action with spring core the upper seal block the exhaust port closed, the airflow from the inlet into the first film, play a controlling role. When the loss of electricity, the electromagnetic force disappears, the moving core in the spring force to leave the fixed iron core, moving down the exhaust port to open, blocking the inlet, the first film airflow through the exhaust port, the diaphragm rec overy original position.
Technological development of the solenoid valve
Solenoid valve as an actuator for automated instrumentation in recent years, the amount is rising sharply. This paper analyzes the main features of the solenoid valve, and application-oriented point of view for a brief overview of the developments of the mature technology, streamline, intelligent, universal, were made by the special direction of inspection, and slightly affect the solenoid valve technology the social dimension of development points. (1) leakage of the block must drain easily controlled, safe to use. Inside and outside the leaks endanger the safety factor. Other automatic control valve will usually stem extends from the electric, pneumatic, hydraulic actuator control spool to rotate or move. This is all to solve the long-term actions stem outside the dynamic seal leakage problem; only the solenoid valve is used to seal the casing separated from the magnetic core to complete electromagnetic masterpiece, there is no dynamic seal leakage so easy to block absolutely. Electric control valve torque is not easy and prone to leakage, and even pulled off the stem head; the structural type of the solenoid valve is easy to control leakage, until reduced to zero. Therefore, the solenoid valve to the use of special security, especially for corrosive, toxic or high and low temperature media. (2) The system is simple, they take the computer, the price is low and modest. Solenoid valve structure is simple, low price, easy installation and maintenance compared to other types of control valves and other actuators. More significant is the automatic control system is much simpler and a much lower price. As the solenoid valve switching signal control and industrial computer connection is very convenient. Popular in today s computer prices an era of declining, the solenoid valve is even more obvious advantages. (3) action express, power tiny, lightweight shape. Solenoid valve response time can be as short as a few milliseconds, even if the pilot solenoid valve can be controlled within tens of milliseconds. Forming the circuit, and more responsive than the other automatic control valve. Properly designed solenoid valve coil power consumption is very low, the case of energy-saving products; can also be done simply trigger movement, and automatically maintain single coil solenoid valve position, and usually is not power consumption. flange solenoid valve small size, saving space and lightweight appearance.
Solenoid valve in the field of air separation and a brief rationales
A wide range of solenoid valves in our production, maintenance of production must meet a lot of the solenoid valve problems, and also handles a variety of failure, we must also have accu mulated a lot of the solenoid valve fault processing experience, and I deal with in the maintenance of single coil solenoid valve failure compared to other instrument control failure is relatively small, and now I together on this issue for discussion, eager to learn from everyone there with more experience and improve together. We first have a preliminary understanding of the solenoid valve solenoid valve is by the electromagnetic coil and core contains the body of one or several holes. When the coils or power, the operation of the core will cause the fluid through the body or cut off, in order to achieve the purpose of changing the flow direction. Electromagnetic components of the electromagnetic valve moving core, coil and other components from the fixed iron core composition; body part by the composition of the slip spool, slide flange solenoid valve sleeve, the spring base. The electromagnetic coil is installed directly on the body, the body is enclosed in a sealed tube, constitutes a simple, compact combination.