2012年9月15日星期六

Self-tapping screws Introduction


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Self-tapping screws, English, called Self-tapping Screw is self-tapping drilled in the pre-drilled holes in the metal or non-metallic materials with the female thread of a threaded fastener. With a high-tension, one-piece, unilater al combination of characteristics. Its own molding or attack its mating threads, in combination with high locking capabilities and handling. Small shaped screws on its size, thread type, head type drilling tapping performance engineering uses almost limitless. constant power loadsTapping nail materials can be divided into two kinds of carbon steel and stainless steel, carbon steel material is usually dominated by 1022 carbon steel. Usually used in windows and doors, iron. Its head is at one end made to increase the bearing surface formed by the shape of the part. hydraulic hose assembliesThread forming and thread cutting tapping screw (self-tapping screw) in terms of flat countersunk, oval countersunk (Oval Countersunk), pan head (Pan ), hexagonal and hexagonal wire head (Hex and Hex washer Head) is the most important five head type accounted for al most 90 percent of all self-tapping screws, self-tapping screws (self-tapping screw) should consider this.conduit saddle Another five kinds of other types of flat-topped concave bearing surface (Flat Undercut), flat-topped whole edge (Flat Trim), the oblate concave bearing surface (Oval Undercut) oblate entire edge (Oval Trim) and cylinder head (Gang hills Fillister ) is a relatively minor head type, while Hong top countersunk thread rolling into self-tapping screws (self-tapping screw) the first type of choice on the same,hydraulic fitting use the main consideration mushroom head (Truss) Round (Round) and 100 degrees flat top countersink the new design does not take cover its function can be replaced by other head type, disk head can be replaced by a mushroom head and round head, 82 degree flat countersunk flat-topped replace the 100-degree flat, flat dome, pan head hex head hex washer head five.

2012年9月1日星期六

The success of the unit grid


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Control system power target value is set to the rated power of 25, the target value, and given the value of the corresponding power valve opening degree.

When the average main stea m pressure is small, the power of the initial value is less than 5, the valve opening is small, there is conducive to the resumption of the main steam pressure to ensure the unit s capacity. When the level

Main steam pressure is too large, the power of the initial value is greater than 5, the valve opening is conducive to reducing the main steam pressure, give full play to the generating capacity of the unit.

The valve turbine inlet steam volume adjustment, the system is accomplished by adjusting the valve. In order to solve the contradiction of the rapidity and economy of, Average

The unit will be required at the start, and the speed and liters of load process, throttle adjustment, when the liter load stable, throttle adjustment into nozzle adjustment

, The throttle adjustment and nozzle adjustment the unperturbed conversion.

These are the valve management, it is a manifestation of the computer control advantages. Each regulating pneumatic accessory  must be individually positioned in accordance with the instruction of the software cam

Each valve must therefore be equipped with a separate power amplifier - electro-hydraulic converter - the oil motive servo system. Valve management system as shown below. The output of the multiplier

Y = (K1X1 t1) (K2X2 t2) cis valve K1 = -1, K2 = 1, t1 = 1 t2 = 0Y = (-X1) X2 single china solenoid valve  K1 = 1, K2 = 0, t1 = 1,

t2 = 0Y = X1X2 above formulas, X1F (X) in sequence valve, the flow rate and the valve opening degree of each valve function f (x) single valve mode, valves

Flow syntax door opening function is generated by a dedicated logic circuit, X2 refers to the PI output.

The process of switching from a single valve to sequence valve, in essence, is the coefficient of X1 from 0 to 1 conversion process. The coefficient X1 and time relationship as shown.

Slope divider logic circuits by X1 decision: 02/120. Logic circuit cycle 02s, 12s, coefficient becomes 09,2 min

Becomes 0. If you want to extend the switching time, the switching process is more stable, and can modify the denominator is 180, the conversion time is extended to 3min.

When no grid or tripping the single valve control, low load, generally as a single valve control. Assuming that the PI output is the degree of opening of 30, the single valve

To sequence valve transformation: t = 0 sequence valve Y = 0 single valve Y = 30 for each valve opening degree is equal to the value of the single valve module the GV1 to GV4, implementing agencies in accordance with the single valve flow

And the degree of opening of the relationship f (x) to be turned.

Roll shape and unique line the smooth pump leak problem dissect and solve


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Found at the scene of the spill point in both sides of the pressure pump hinge base and the junction of the threaded sleeve, hinged seat and at the connection of the threaded sleeve, as well as plug and threaded sleeve junction

, Then observe the pressure gauge, oil pressure is normal. The O-ring seal is damaged, combination washer disassemble pressure oil pump and put new seals

, The beginning of oil spills, running about 15 minutes, the original spill point and oil spills, and so repeatedly china solenoid valve ; What is more, a user-site pressure oil pump

The pump body turned out to be near the hinge base fracture.

Through observation, research, discussion, and found that the long spring hinge base, so that when the hole drain plug screwed into place, the spring is compressed over

Deformation, the gap between the turns is too small, the preload is too large, so that the check pneumatic accessory (ball) the opening pressure is too large, the opening is too small, the steel ball and

Ball between Block crevice flow - press ure characteristics of the steel ball in front of a great pressure, the pressure led to the O-ring and combination washer

Destruction of oil spills. Local stress concentration in the pump body, causing serious consequences of the pump body fracture; gauge shows a gap after

The surface pressure, which shows the value of the pressure value is reduced due to the slits role reason no problem, and therefore single point of view from the pressure gauge.

Repair measures the hole drain plug screw up, remove the spring and truncated appropriate length (approximately truncated half) and replace it with a new O-ring

And combination washer broken pump body also needs to be replaced, and then reassembled attention to cleaning these parts, assembly, The system is to prevent pollution. This

Kind of repair, no oil leakage, the system is operating normally.

Effect, according to the observation of the scene, before restor ation daily about oil spills 0.5kg, roller press extrusion barrel roller bearing grease value (about

180kg) of about 10,000 yuan, oil spills loss of about 830 yuan a month; repair oil spills, no longer significant economic benefits.

More importantly, since the pump is a metering pump system to bearings for the grease, oil spills amounted to less than the original design requirements, ie

The sufficiently lubricated bearings can not get to the long run, will reduce bearing life, increase the cost of operation and maintenance; bearing lubrication in good condition after the repair

, To ensure normal use of the bearing, extending the bearing life.

Pumping cited slit permeable the rescue


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Open shallow groove buried the grouting construction methods 2.1 construction of the main process of the construction of the main process.

The gouges buried seal groove cleaning and pressure water chemical grout sealing construction process. 2 construction method (1) gouges. According to the crack distribution situation

Conditions, take along cracks toward artificial gouges, the groove depth 3cm, 35cm wide and the length of the gouges cracks on both sides each extend 20cm principle.

(2) borehole and the sealing groove. Cracks gouges rinse, buried along the groove a small hose, and quick-drying cement and sealing material  pneumatic accessory

Slot plugging, plugging slowly small hose out, in order to form a grout channel china solenoid valve . The bottom of each slot reserved grouting mouth as grouting hole

The upper every 4050cm reserve grouting mouth as an exhaust hole (plasma) and grouting hole, For longer cracks segmented gouges and buried.

(3) cleaning with pressurized water. When the quick -drying cement and sealing material reaches a certain intensity, the grouting hole cleaning with pressurized water, its purpose is checking

The cracks throughout circumstances, test whether the quality of the sealing meet grouting requirements, master of grout cracks and grouting pressure water pressure control

In 0.050.2MPa appropriate.

(4) plugged. Grouting 2 hours to remove the grout mouth resection grouting pipe above the concrete surface, surface-modified epoxy cement sand

Pulp wipe Resurfacers process.

Piezoelectric stack pump subtle migrate expanding structure experiments explore


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Triangle amplification principle of the amplification mechanism of the flexible hinge when in the horizontal direction to form an x ??displacement, the amplification principle of the vertical triangle is formed

A y displacement, corres ponding to the different angles have different y / x value. The set magnification A, we obtain: A = y / x shows that, when in the horizontal direction x displacement

When there is a small increment, and therefore can be obtained: x = LCOS-LCOS () y = LSIN ()-LSIN can be obtained by the formula: A = y / x = tan (COS-1) sin china solenoid valve

(1-cos) tansin very small due to the amount of displacement of the piezoelectric stack just ten microns, incremental, and therefore the equivalent infinitesimal principle,

Available the: A1tan know triangle zoom magnification with the lever mechanism is independent of the length, only with the size of the relevant. Therefore, in the design triangle

Shaped amplification mechanism, should be made as small as possible pneumatic accessory .

Arc flexible hinge des ign, the amplification mechanism using a 45-gauge steel, WEDM processed in order to analyze this

Species amplification mechanism performance, displacement, stress and natural frequency analysis using finite element analysis software this amplification mechanism. Analysis result table

That the design of the flexible hinge displacement amplification mechanism magnification of 6 times the natural frequency of about 1.7kHz.

Amplification mechanism of amplification mechanism of static and dynamic characteristics


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Japan TOKIN Company AE0505D16, piezoelectric stack as the driving element, the material of the flexible hinge 45 steel Dimensions 25.6mm22mm,

= 3, t = 4mm. Drive and amplification mechanism connection using a combination of the preload an d adhesive. Amplification mechanism in the trial design size

When considering the piezoelectric stack amplification mechanism to maintain a certain amount of interference pneumatic accessory , and then by gluing, to avoid the the screw pretension way the insufficient.

Due to the displacement of the output are able to meet the demand of the piezoelectric pump is designed for the amplification mechanism key [5]. Therefore, the amplification mechanism displacement output characteristics

The nature of the test as the main content of this test. Entire test is completed, the system precision measurement system software prepared by the self to achieve a multi-point  china solenoid valve

Multiple cycles to measure, to ensure the accuracy of the measurement. Measured at U = 100V, the corresponding maximum output displacement amplification mechanism D = 57M, and the piezoelectric stack

Heap U = 100V, the corresponding output D = 11m, so the actual measured displacement magnification of about 5 times, while the results of the finite element analysis of up to 6 times, and said

Ming finite element analysis results close to the actual situation.

Very good linear amplification mechanism


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From Ad and Bd of the comparison shows that the amplification mechanism is very good, and the linear elastic hysteresis is very small. 4294A impedance analyzer

Amplification mechanism impedance analysis, the analysis of the results as s hown. A point for the minimum value of the impedance, the phase displacement amplification mechanism output characteristic discharge

Peak angle of the impedance characteristics of the large institutions, point A is the resonance frequency, b point compared to the anti-resonant frequency, indicating that at this frequency, the amplification mechanism

In the resonant state, the first-order natural frequency of about 1.49kHz. As a reference, the actual measurement, the resonant frequency of the amplification mechanism,

The amplification mechanism rigidly fixed to one end of the other end for displacement of the output terminal, the input sine wave voltage signal of different frequency, amplitude, and a forward bias of 50V (

The drive voltage is always positive) by laser Doppler vibrometer output of dynamic displacement measurement, measured in different frequency output  china solenoid valve

Displacement amplification mechanism amplitude-frequency characteristic curve as shown pneumatic accessory .

The amplification mechanism of amplitude and frequency characteristics seen in 1.5kHz at amplitude maximum frequency corresponding to the resonant frequency. It can be seen real

The measured resonance point impedance analysis results are very close to the modal analysis of micro-displacement amplification mechanism, calculated the natural frequency of 1.7kHz

Higher than the actual measurement of the resonant frequency, the main reason is in finite element analysis does not take into account the quality of the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric stack.

Plasma arc surfacing is used to manufacture the valve sealing surface


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Has achieved good results. The key parts of the sealing surface of pneumatic accessory  products, its high quality requirements, not only requires high hardness and anti-abrasion performance

, And does not allow any macroscopic defects, such as pores, cracks. The surfacing layer pores are the most common, but also the most difficult problem in the production. Gas

Hole reasons: oil, rust and other impurities in the surface of the workpiece; parent material weldability is poor; transfer arc current is too large, a large number of matrix mixed with solder layer;

Protect the poor or argon depletion resulting in high purity; powder humidity and impurities; powder particles the hollow lead to the gas can not escape in a timely manner (this

Welding, you can hear the crisp sound of explosions); powder containing low melting point impurities in high temperature gasification; parent material containing impurities; parent material

Chemical treatment. According to the live production experience, the plasma arc surfacing layer pores exclude a few remarks.

(1) the workpiece surface should be clean, oil, rust, etc. are not permitted. Decompose at high temperatures because of oil pollution, harmful gases, rust-shaped

The harmful oxides, surfacing layer formation of pores china solenoid valve .

(2) surfacing powder to be dried, since the wet powder containing moisture. Surfacing process, the powder is melted, while the moisture generated by the decomposition of

Gas, wherein a part of discharged while another portion is brought into the molten bath to form pores. Therefore, spray powder must go through about 200 ℃ bake

Baked, the baking time is generally not less than 2 hours. Timely use baking powder, such as placing a long time, you should re-baking.

(3) strict control of plasma arc leak surfacing guns.

The surfacing guns leakage


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Even an insignificant leakage also clearly blowholes. Practice, start using a new surfacing gun, sealed, no leakage

Surfacing parts pass rate of over 98%. Gun after use for some time, since the life of the sealing member is low. Began to leak, stomatal gradually out

Currently. With the use of time, more and more serious leakage, the the surfacing layer pass rate drastically reduced. Accordingly, in the welding parameters and the other welding

Conditions remain unchanged, with the use of time, the stomatal more and more, you should consider surfacing gun leakage problem. On

Stomatal described three cases, showed a circular shape, and is not a regular distribution.

(4) powder quality must be guaranteed. The powder mass is one of the causes of blowholes. Powder quality is bad, impure powder, which mixed

Harmful impurities or hollow the silt too much.

The melting point of these harmful impurities are not identical, it is easily mixed with the molten pool, is enclosed within the solder layer surfacing when to produce a different size and shape of the gas

Holes. Stomata often after tu rning process can be found. Easily absorbing harmful gases and impurities within the hollow powder. Therefore, the powder mass

The amount must request, to make it conform to quality standards.

(5) Select the welding parameters of the joints. The lap joints of the weld porosity, which is the most common phenomenon. This problem is also a plasma arc heap

Welding widespread problem. Joints exist stomata is related to many factors, especially the current decay, if not properly controlled, can easily produced in the joints

Angry hole. The decaying current powder feed rate does not match, the part cornstarch (unmelted powder) into the molten bath. The same time, but also because in the lap

When some exhaust impurities introduced such as the surfacing welding characteristics, combined with the pneumatic accessory  welded actual production, plasma welding work < br />
The arts are discussed. Appears in plasma surfacing welding defects were studied mainly on the porosity defects processing are described china solenoid valve .

(6) should be appropriate surfacing current. Surfacing addition the current attenuation prone to porosity, in the surfacing process, since the current is selected to be

Unreasonable also blowholes. If the current is too small, so that the part of the powder is not melted into the weld layers, easy formation of pores. This stomata in turning

After processing, can clearly see the hole residual powder. But the current can not be selected too large, because an excessively large current will puddle agitation too

Severe, resulting in some floating impurities into the solder layer, the same formation of pores. So surfacing current should be a reasonable choice.

The technical characteristics of liquid pumps liquid chlorine filling applications


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The the 1.1 liquid chlorine solution works pump liquid pump explosion-proof motor to drive the spindle through the serpentine spring coupling, spindle driven impeller rotating impeller stage

The number of output pressure, gener ally 3 or 4 can meet the needs of liquid chlorine conveying and filling .

1.2 liquid pump liquid filling process of liquid chlorine pump filling process.

Shows that of liquid chlorine from chlorine liquefier by pipeline since the inflow of liquid chlorine storage tanks need filling liquid chlorine, simply open the liquid chlorine storage

Liquid chlorine in the tank below and an intermediate tank connected between the pipe cut-off pneumatic accessory  (CHLOROFORM intermediate tank for a volume of 6m3 of the vertical tank, when installed so that the intermediate tank

In the same horizontal plane as the upper plane and liquid chlorine tank upper plane), so that liquid chlorine into the intermediate tank, and by controlling the liquid level within the large storage tank of the liquid chlorine

Height, rather than the intermediate tank of liquid chlorine for f illing.

Can open the pump when the middle of the tank liquid level reaches the minimum level (600mm), liquid chlorine through the muffler (pressure balance) and the limiting input

Out, the pressure in the 1.01.5MPa, then outside the output pipe, shutoff valve and non-return china solenoid valve  to the filling positions of liquid chlorine cylinders packaging or liquid chlorine tank car

Canned.

Liquid chlorine liquid pump filling process advantages and disadvantages


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When using the pump filling liquid chlorine liquid chlorine solution, you do not need a large tank pressurization of the liquid chlorine can filling, filling 1t liquid chlorine for about 30 min, greatly improve work efficiency

Ra te, simplifies the filling procedures. The time of filling of liquid chlorine flexibility, reduce the labor intensity of the operator. Through the use of the frequency converter

Stable liquid chlorine liquid pump output pressure, when the pipeline leaks and other abnormal situation occurs, due to a rapid increase in traffic when the current limiter for

Cut the output of liquid chlorine, to ensure the safety and environmental requirements of the liquid chlorine output, each filling 1t liquid chlorine energy savings than part liquid chlorine vaporization pressure method 40MJ

, Saving the cost of 10 yuan, the same time, a fundamental solution to the continuous liquid chlorine vaporized due to the carburetor and result in residual liquid chlorine, nitrogen trichloride containing

The amount of concentration, enrichment rather excessive, to avoid the hidden dangers of explosive decomposition of nitrogen trichloride china solenoid valve .

The device without filtration of liquid chlorine, liquid chlorine tank also do not have to withstand the pressure of vaporization filling pressure filling finished, do not need to emissions vaporization system

When the residual pressure, to achieve a continuous and stable operation of the production of liquid chlorine pneumatic accessory .

Pump seal packing seal and certain activities clearance, to ensure that the liquid pump seal does not leak out chlorine, fully dry place

Reasonable compressed air pressure to the upper sealed box seals, seal gas pressure than the high pressure of the middle of the tank chlorine 0.010.03MPa escaping small portion of the chlorine

Gas and dry seal air sent through the recovery pipe with lye absorption cell absorption process to achieve a liquid pump shaft seal operation of the double-sealed machine

Management. The need to shut down, liquid pumps nitrogen emergency sealing air bag device, high the emergency air sealing pressure than the middle of the pitchers chlorine pressure

0.5MPa, the pressure is too low seal failure, the pressure is too high, as a matter of urgency, sealed balloon burst, so to ensure a stable pressure. Especially emergency sealing

Non-rotation of the rotor, or the seal will immediately damage and failure during use.