The type of car seat belts

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The seat belt in the event of an accident can prevent or reduce the crew by the secondary collision caused damage the safety device. Over 100 years ago, ha s been in Europe and the United States on the carriage seat belts, to prevent passengers from Britain down from the carriage. 1922, the sports car of the racing field start using seat belts, 1955, the United States Ford is equipped with seat belts, 1968, the United States the provisions of the front seat of the car you want to install seat belts, from the rise of the world car seat belts. China also provides that from July 1, 1999, all small passenger cars (including cars, jeeps, vans and mini-vehicles) when driving, driver and front passenger must use seat belts.
First, the role of seat belts
The role of seat belts is: when the emergency brake when the car encounters unexpected situations, it can be bound driver and passenger seat, so as not to pediment, thereby protecting the driver and passengers from the sec ond collision caused the injury.
According to a survey conducted by the U.S. Department of Transportation, the use of three-point seat belts, was wounded in the driver\\ s seat can reduce the rate of 43% to 52% (due to different speed); wounded in the copilot seat can reduce the rate of 37% to 45%) and low 95km / h collision speed, no fatalities occurred. Equipped with seat belts, even death also occur in the 20km / h collision speed assistance and education, the effect of the two-point seat belts to be worse than the three-point, but much lower than the casualty rate is not equipped with seat belts, but also equipped with and is not fitted with seat belts contrast can be found in Figure.
Second, the type of seat belts
1, fixed
Fixed, seat belts can be divided into two type, three-, four-point, three kinds of
(1) two-point seat belts. The two-point seat belt is a fixed point with the body or seat only two belts. This belt can be divided into the belt (or knee belt) type, and households with a two. The belt-type is the most widely used form, it can not protect the safety of the human upper body, but it can effectively prevent passengers from being thrown out. Strap type, also known as Inclined, popular in Europe, but the United States, Japan, Australia and other countries was not used.
The two-point seat belt, soft belt hanging from both sides of the waist to the abdomen, the shape of the belt, can prevent the crew of the body forward or thrown from the vehicle in the collision, the advantage is easy to use, easy to relief. The drawback is that the crew easy to lean the upper body, front-seat occupant\\ s head of public hit the dashboard or windshield. This seat belt is mainly used in car back seat.
(2) three-point seat belts. Three-point seat belt is increased the shoulder strap on the basis of two-point seat belts, there is a fixed point close to the blind forces of the Ministry of bodywork, while preventing the crew of the body forward and the upper body leaning forward, and enhance occupant safety. is the most commonly used as a seat belt.
As shown, it is formed by the belt-type and the blind with a combination. In accordance with the different ways of belt and shoulder strap can be divided into A and B type.
A-type three-point seat belts - detachable three-point seat belts, safety one end of the belt buckle and latch into the same if the body, the other end is fixed to the body near the shoulder, as the safety of three fixed points band.
B-type three-point seat belts - the continuity of the three-point seat belts. The main characteristics of the safety belt strap for a continuous ribbon, buckle latch in the webbing, and can slide along the webbing near the fixed point of the shoulder is equipped with a length adjustment pieces, so with type A easy to use.
(3) four-point seat belts. It is generally used in the for m of 2-point safety belt to connect the two shoulder straps consisting of the car.
2, according to the degree of intelligence
Seat belt is divided into passive safety belts with automatic seat belts, according to the degree of intelligence points.
(1) passive belts crew operation to work, that is, the crew contented to wear. Most of the vehicle assembly are passive seat belts.
(2) Automatic seat belt is an automatic constraint the driver or passenger seat belts, car starter, without the driver or passenger operations will be able to provide protection and passengers up and down when not need any control action. Automatic safety with automatic seat belts and semi-automatic two belts.
Third, the structure of seat belt
1, the structure of passive seat belt
At present, the widespread use of passive safety belts in the car by the we bbing retractor and installation of fixtures (annex) components. Ribbon constitute the main body of the seat belt, the use of nylon, polyester, vinylon synthetic filaments woven into a width of 50mm, thickness of 1.5mm tape of sufficient strength and elongation, and energy-absorbing performance. For the countries of the webbing technical performance indicators are clearly defined to meet the requirements to use.
The retractor storage webbing and locking the webbing pulled out, it is the seat belt of the most complex pieces of machinery. The initial volume, which is a ratchet mechanism, when the webbing from the retractor continuous pull out the process Once stopped, the ratchet mechanism for locking action to prevent pull the vehicle maintenance ribbon, so that the seat belt will not automatically relax. The 20th century, after the mid-1970s when the vehicle encountered a state of emergency can be ribbon, automatic locking, while the crew under normal circumstances can the freedom of movement in the seat retractor device. It is also currently using a seat belt retractor.
The mounting bracket Comprehensive their installation position and firmly with the body or seat component connecting the ear piece, plug-ins and bolts, a direct impact to the protective effect of seat belts and occupant comfort, therefore, national security mount installation position and installation standards are clearly defined.
2, the structure of automatic seat belts
Passive seat belt crew of yourself wearing relief is not convenient enough to use, so people are often reluctant to use the seat belt usage. Since the 1970s, the United States, General Motors, Ford, Volkswagen of Germany, Mercedes-Benz and Japan\\ s Toyota and other car companies have developed automatic seat belts. Automatic seat belts in cars, as long as the crew on the train and pulled, and the seat belt will automatically be worn on the crew who do not require the crew to do anything, thus greatly improving the ease of use.
Automatic seat belt component as shown, it is mainly with by knee, belt, shoulder strap, motor, and an emergency locking retractor, such as composition. The shoulder straps linked by an electric motor drive, Keyless Entry, has greatly improved on, get off at the convenience. When open the door to the shoulder strap out; shut the door when the strap upper part of the fixed return to the column specified location, the crew will be automatically hang up the shoulder strap. Automatic seat belt webbing, buckles, length adjustment, sliding guide, installation accessories and retractor composition.
Some automatic seat belts are also using computer control, speed control system to confirm the occupant seat belt use is correct, the engine can be started, otherw ise the car does not start.